Networking Protocols

The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual and logical model that defines network communication. This model contains various layers that consist of a variety of networking and computing protocols needed for interconnectivity with the layers above and/or below it. This hierarchical framework was created and developed in the 1970s by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).
Layer 7 - Application layer
The application layer is considered the highest level of the OSI model, and it provides an interface gateway for users to access other network services or applications. Common protocols include HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, DHCP, DNS, and RDP.
Layer 6 - Presentation Layer
The presentation layer is responsible for formatting data so that it can be interpreted by the recipient. This layer may consist of character translation or data conversion. Common protocols include TLS, SSL, JPEG, MPEG, and X.25.

Layer 5 - Session layer

The session layer provides a way to establish communication between processes running on different systems. It is responsible for establishing and terminating sessions between applications on different host systems. Common protocols include SIP, NetBIOS, PAP, SMB, and SSH.

Layer 4 - Transport Layer

The transport layer is ultimately responsible for ensuring data delivery from end to end, and it provides segmentation, acknowledgement, and traffic control. Common protocols include TCP, UDP, RSVP, BGP, and iSCSI.

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